The objective of this study is to assess the impact of different exercise interventions on bone mineral density (BMD) in older women. It will also evaluate the safety and compliance of these interventions. The primary questions it aims to address are: Does resistance training, Yijinjing, or Baduanjin improve BMD in postmenopausal women? What are the compliance rates and any adverse effects associated with these exercise programs? Participants will be divided into 4 groups and compared against a control group that maintains their usual lifestyle. Participants will: Engage in their assigned exercise program three times a week for 24 weeks Receive calcium and vitamin D supplementation daily Keep a log of exercise adherence and any side effects experienced The study will utilize the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for comprehensive assessments.
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Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements
Timeframe: 24 Weeks
Serum bone metabolism markers
Timeframe: 24 Weeks