Identification of Multiple Pulmonary Diseases Using Volatile Organic Compounds Biomarkers in Human Exhaled Breath

Inclusion Criteria: * Males or females, age must be 18 years old or above. * Patients must meet the CT imaging diagnostic criteria for different lung diseases, and patients must be able to provide electronic versions of CT image data. * Patients must have a clear clinical diagnosis. * All participants must sign a written informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnant women. * Individuals with a history of cancer other than lung disease. * Individuals who have undergone organ transplants or non-autologous (allogeneic) bone marrow or stem cell transplants. * Individuals with other severe organic diseases or mental illnesses. * Individuals with metabolic diseases such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, etc. * Any other condition that researchers deem unsuitable for participation in this clinical trial.