This is a prospective spaceflight study involving an investigational non-risk device called the EasyMotionSkin for whole body electric muscle (myo) stimulation (WB-EMS) onboard the International Space Station (ISS). The purpose of this study is to show: * optimized exercise outcome with EMS in human spaceflight * demonstrate efficacy of EMS as alternative inflight exercise protocol * provide a time-saving and reliable EMS-assisted exercise protocol compliant to astronauts for later use in planetary habitats and future deep space exploration Eight (n=8) astronauts on long duration missions will take part in this study. This experiment uses the following hardware/software (HW \& SW): (A) EasymotionSkin suit (dry electrode muscle stimulation), B) non-invasive hand-held Myoton device (digitized passive muscle stiffness data collection). C) a customized Myoton body template suit (elastic yoga suit with customized anatomical reference labels to aid inflight Myoton data collection on dedicated perforated 2x2 cm small skin fields) at 5 different skin measurement points (MP), neck, back, shoulder, legs. Before and after flight the following tests will be done once: Myoton data collection, dynamometry strength test, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for baseline comparison. Researchers will compare data from a non EMS control group (non EMS Astronauts, retrospective) to see if changes of passive muscle stiffness is seen in EMS Astronauts before, during and after spaceflight
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Myoton Tone (baseline preflight)
Timeframe: L-105+/-30 days (time window)
Myoton Tone (recovery postflight)
Timeframe: R+30+/-10 days (time window)
Myoton Tone (inflight, preEMS-1)
Timeframe: FD20-30 days (time window)
Myoton Tone (inflight, preEMS-2)
Timeframe: FD60-80 days (time window)
Myoton Tone (inflight, post EMS-1)
Timeframe: NET R-18 days (time window)
Myoton Tone (inflight, post EMS-2)
Timeframe: NLT R-12 days (time window)
Myoton stiffness (baseline, preflight).
Timeframe: L-105+/-30 days (time window)
Myoton stiffness (recovery, postflight).
Timeframe: R+30+/-10 days (time window)
Myoton stiffness (inflight, preEMS-1)
Timeframe: FD20-30 days (time window)
Myoton stiffness (inflight, preEMS-2)
Timeframe: FD60-80 days (time window)
Myoton stiffness (inflight, postEMS-1)
Timeframe: NET R-18 days (time window)
Myoton stiffness (inflight, postEMS-2)
Timeframe: NLT R-12 days (time window)
EMS body stimulation (inflight EMS1)
Timeframe: NET R-60 and NLT R-21 days (time window)
EMS body stimulation (inflight EMS2)
Timeframe: NET R-60 and NLT R-21 days (time window)
EMS body stimulation (inflight EMS3)
Timeframe: NET R-60 and NLT R-21 days(time window)
EMS body stimulation (inflight EMS4)
Timeframe: NET R-60 and NLT R-21 days (time window)
EMS body stimulation (inflight EMS5)
Timeframe: NET R-60 and NLT R-21 days (time window)
EMS body stimulation (inflight EMS6)
Timeframe: NET R-60 and NLT R-21 days (time window)
EMS body stimulation (inflight EMS7)
Timeframe: NET R-60 and NLT R-21 days (time window)
EMS body stimulation (inflight EMS8)
Timeframe: NET R-60 and NLT R-21 days (time window)
EMS body stimulation (inflight EMS9)
Timeframe: NET R-60 and NLT R-21 days (time window)
EMS body stimulation (inflight EMS10)
Timeframe: NET R-60 and NLT R-21 days (time window)
EMS body stimulation (inflight EMS11)
Timeframe: NET R-60 and NLT R-21 days (time window)
EMS body stimulation (inflight EMS12)
Timeframe: NET R-60 and NLT R-21 days (time window)
Dynamometry (baseline, preflight/power).
Timeframe: L-105+/-30 days (time window)
Dynamometry (baseline, preflight/torque).
Timeframe: L-105+/-30 days (time window)
sEMG (baseline, preflight/amplitude).
Timeframe: L-105+/-30 days (time window)
sEMG (baseline, preflight/frequency).
Timeframe: L-105+/-30 days (time window)
Dynamometry (recovery postflight/power).
Timeframe: R+30+/-10 days (time window)
Dynamometry (recovery postflight/torque).
Timeframe: R+30+/-10 days (time window)
sEMG (recovery postflight/amplitude).
Timeframe: R+30+/-10 days (time window)
sEMG (recovery postflight/frequency).
Timeframe: R+30+/-10 days (time window)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (baseline preflight).
Timeframe: L-105+/-30 days (time window)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (recovery postflight).
Timeframe: R+30+/-10 days (time window)
EMS protocol report (ms)
Timeframe: NET R-60 and NLT R-21 days (time window)
EMS protocol report (minutes)
Timeframe: NET R-60 and NLT R-21 days (time window)
EMS protocol report (Hz)
Timeframe: NET R-60 and NLT R-21 days (time window)