Varicocelectomy in Patients With Clinical Varicocele and Unexplained Infertility

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients unable to conceive after 12 month of regular and unprotected intercourse * Male patients aged 18 -45 years old * Normal semen analysis (concentration, motility and morphology) according to WHO criteria 2021 * Infertile men with clinical varicocele (grade II,III) subjected to varicocelectomy * No history of other congenital or acquired urogenital diseases * Primary infertility * Normal BMI (18.5-24..9) Exclusion Criteria: * History of other congenital or acquired urogenital diseases * Age outside inclusion criteria * Grade I varicocele confirmed by ultrasound ( subclinical varicocele ) * Abnormal semen analysis * Recurrent varicocele * Patient unable or unwilling to comply with follow-up schedule * Female fertility issues (anovulation , hormonal infertility, tubal factor, endometriosis)