Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of watching a cold environment image via virtual reality on pain and anxiety related to phlebotomy procedure in volunteer blood donors.
Methods: The study was conducted between June 2019 and December 2019 with 120 healthy individuals who applied for blood donation for the first time in Northern Turkey. Individuals included in the study were assigned to intervention, placebo and control groups with 40 people in each group by block randomization method. During the phlebotomy procedure, the intervention group watched a cold environment image via virtual reality, the placebo group watched a hot environment image, and the control group received standard application. "Descriptive Characteristics Form", "Visual Comparison Scale", "State and Trait Anxiety Inventory" and The CONSORT checklist were used to collect data.
Who can participate
Age range
18 Years – 35 Years
Sex
ALL
See this in plain English?
AI-rewrites the medical criteria so a patient or caregiver can understand them. Always confirm with the trial site.
Inclusion Criteria:
* Being in accordance with time and place
* Being aged between 18 and 35 years
* Being able to evaluate the visual analog scale correctly
* Participating voluntarily in the research.
* Being willing to donate blood
* Donating blood for the first time
* Have a body mass index within normal limits (18.5-24.9 kg/m2)
* Have no vision or hearing problems
* Have no disease that may affect pain perception
* Have no vertigo, heart or lung disease
* Have no signs of infection, dermatitis, phlebitis, scar tissue or incision in the area where invasive intervention will be performed
* Have no psychiatric disease
* Being able to accurately assess the state and trait anxiety inventory with the VAS
* Have an average pressure pain threshold value of 8-16 Lb obtained from three measurements taken at 5-second intervals from the elbow region of the left upper extremity where no intervention was performed
* Have no vertigo, heart or lung disease
* Have no signs of infection, dermatitis, phlebitis, scar tissue or incision in the area where invasive intervention will be performed
* Have no psychiatric disease
* Being able to accurately assess the state and trait anxiety inventory with the VAS
* Have an average pressure pain threshold value of 8-16 pounds (Lb) obtained from three measurements taken at 5-second intervals from the elbow region of the left upper extremity where no intervention was performed
Exclusion Criteria:
* Not participating voluntarily in the research
* No…
Questions worth asking your doctor
Bring these to your next appointment. They're a starting point for a shared conversation — not a sign you qualify or a recommendation to enrol.
1Based on my diagnosis and history, is this trial worth exploring for me — or is there a standard treatment we should try first?
2What does this trial's phase tell us about how much is already known about its safety and benefit?
3What would taking part actually involve for me — visits, tests, time, and travel?
4What are the known and possible risks or side effects I should weigh, and how would they be monitored?
5If this trial isn't the right fit, what other options or trials would you suggest I look into?
Generated to help you prepare — always confirm anything about your own eligibility and care with the study team and your doctor.
Questions for the trial coordinator
The trial coordinator is the person who runs the study day to day. These cover the practical side — logistics, costs, and what taking part would actually mean for your life. The study team confirms whether you meet the criteria; these are questions to ask, not a sign you qualify.
1What does taking part actually involve week to week — how many visits, where, and how long does each one take?
2What costs are covered by the study, and what might I have to pay for myself, including travel, parking, or time off work?
3What happens during screening, and what happens if the study team confirms I don't meet the criteria after those tests?
4Who pays for the scans, blood work, and other tests the trial requires — the study, my insurance, or me?
5How will being in the trial affect my regular care, and will my own doctor stay informed and involved?
6Can I leave the trial at any point if I change my mind, and what would happen to my care if I do?
A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.