Kaposi Sarcoma Chemotherapy and Research (KS-CARE)

Inclusion Criteria: Participants meeting all the inclusion criteria listed below will be eligible for screening. * Histologically confirmed T1 KS presenting to TBH combined Kaposi Sarcoma clinic with or without visceral disease. no evidence of improvement in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated Kaposi Sarcoma (HIV-KS) in the 4 weeks immediately prior; and a clinical indication for systemic chemotherapy treatment * Known HIV-1 infection status, as documented by any nationally approved, licensed HIV rapid test and confirmed at any time point prior by the local standard of care assay. * On ART or not on ART. * Age ≥18 years. * Participants able to understand and provide written informed consent in English, Afrikaans, or isiXhosa. Exclusion Criteria: Failure to meet the inclusion criteria listed above. * Specifically, pregnancy and breastfeeding are not exclusion criteria given the observational nature of the study with diagnostic and treatment interventions administered according to local standards of care. * Specifically, the absence of skin lesions is not an exclusion criterion if recorded evidence of * visceral or nodal disease is present in the form of a radiology or endoscopy report. * Participants who have had prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated Kaposi Sarcoma. * Specifically, patients who have had prior cART will not be excluded. * Participants who are receiving any other investigational agents.