The elderly are at high risk of falls due to neurophysiological changes, such as motor and sensory impairment, that occur with aging. The incidence of falls in older adults is high, with approximately 30% of adults over the age of 65 falling at least once per year. Falls can lead to serious consequences such as fractures, hospitalization, and loss of independence. The changes in neurophysiology have also been found to decrease balance control in aging people, leading to postural instability. It is well-known that postural balance is influenced by sensory inputs, including touch, proprioception, vision, and vestibular, as well as motor output such as motor controls. Impairments in these systems contribute to postural instability and an increased risk of falling in the elderly.
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Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
Timeframe: MoCA will be measured at two time points (baseline and 3 months), through study completion, an average of 1 year.
Body weight
Timeframe: Body weight will be measured at two time points (baseline and 3 months), through study completion, an average of 1 year.
Muscle mass
Timeframe: Muscle mass will be measured at two time points (baseline and 3 months), through study completion, an average of 1 year.
Body mass index (BMI)
Timeframe: BMI will be measured at two time points (baseline and 3 months), through study completion, an average of 1 year.
Percent body fat
Timeframe: Percent body fat will be measured at two time points (baseline and 3 months), through study completion, an average of 1 year.
The duration during Timed Up and Go Test
Timeframe: TUG will be measured at two time points (baseline and 3 months), through study completion, an average of 1 year.
The repetition of Chair Stand Test
Timeframe: Chair Stand Test will be measured at two time points (baseline and 3 months), through study completion, an average of 1 year.
Muscle evoke potential (MEP)
Timeframe: Muscle evoke potential will be measured at two time points (baseline and 3 months), through study completion, an average of 1 year.
Cortical silent period (CSP)
Timeframe: Muscle evoke potential will be measured at two time points (baseline and 3 months), through study completion, an average of 1 year.
Cold temperature threshold
Timeframe: Cold temperature threshold will be measured at two time points (baseline and 3 months), through study completion, an average of 1 year.
Vibration threshold
Timeframe: Vibration temperature threshold will be measured at two time points (baseline and 3 months), through study completion, an average of 1 year.