Gynecomastia is the benign proliferation of male breast tissue caused by an increase in the estrogen/androgen activity ratio. It manifests itself physiologically (adolescence, puberty, and old age) as well as pathologically (androgen insufficiency caused by drugs or disease, testicular tumors, hyperthyroidism, and chronic renal failure). * In spite of the variety of methods and tools such as (liposuction and circumareolar inframammary inscion ) used in gynecomastia surgery, in gynecomastia the results are satisfactory in grades 1 and 2 while grades 3 and 4 gynecomastia present a surgical challenge. * As some postoperative frustrating problems still cannot be completely eliminated, the most common of these are a saucer-like deformity (over resection under areola), bleeding, followed by seroma, infection, ischemic necrosis of nipple areola complex residual gynecomastia (under resection), persistence of inframammary fold, contour irregularities, and asymmetries between breasts. * the objective, in this research, is to demonstrate the The role of Benelli technique in removal of gynecomastia grade 3 and grade 4 in clinical and cosmetic outcomes
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Benelli technique for nipple sparing mastectomy in surgical treatment of grade 3 and 4 gynecomastia
Timeframe: baseline