Zirconia Bars for Mandibular Implant Overdentures

Inclusion Criteria: * Edentulous individuals for more than one year. * Individuals with sufficient anatomical bone conditions in the interforaminal area to place implants of 4.3mm in diameter and at least 10.0mm in length without bone augmentation needs. * Written consent to participate and to attend the study and the yearly follow-ups. Exclusion Criteria: * Individuals suffered from psychiatric problems. * History of cerebrovascular or cardiovascular accident within the last six months. * Uncontrolled or insulin-dependent diabetes, immuno-compromised status, current chemotherapy, and leukocyte system diseases. * Severe systemic health conditions do not allow surgical intervention with local anesthesia. * Irradiated bone. * Severe parafunctional habits * Drugs or alcohol abuse. * Insufficient oral hygiene. * Unrealistic treatment demands. * Smokers were not excluded, but a cessation protocol was suggested before the implant treatment. * Unwillingness to participate in the study.