The Effect of Osteopathic Treatment on Craniocervico-Mandibular Dysfunction

Inclusion Criteria: * male and female subjects 19-65 years old * neck pain and/or headaches of \> 1 month duration Exclusion Criteria: * prior cervical or thoracic spinal surgery * diagnosis cervical radiculopathy or pinched nerve in the neck * diagnosis of jaw disease or dysfunction * diagnosis of connective tissue or muscle disorders * diagnosis of cancer * previous spinal cord injury * Inflammatory arthritis and fibromyalgia * eye movement disorder * known pregnancy (hormonal changes affecting tissues could be a confounding variable) * tobacco use * known diabetes or prediabetes * allergy to ultrasound gel (propylene glycol) * history of manual therapy treatment within the past 2 weeks * history of injection for pain within the past month * currently taking muscle relaxers