CompletedNot Applicable

Effects of Smoking on Placenta and Lactation

Turkey (Türkiye)70 participantsStarted 2017-05-01

Plain-language summary

Maternal smoking during pregnancy although it is known to be associated with fetal growth restriction, it's effect on postpartum breastfeeding is not yet clear. The aim of the present study was to examine the impacts of smoking in pregnancy on breastfeeding as well as its impacts on placental immunoreactivity.

Who can participate

Age range

18 Years – 45 Years

Sex

FEMALE

See this in plain English?

AI-rewrites the medical criteria so a patient or caregiver can understand them. Always confirm with the trial site.

Inclusion Criteria: * Pregnant women who have started smoking at least 100 cigarettes in her lifetime and who now smokes every day, * Pregnant women who have never smoked throughout their life, including pregnancy(16), * Pregnant women who gave birth at term, * Multiple pregnancy, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, those who do not have a systemic disease and due to systemic disease during pregnancy those who do not use * Pregnant women who had spontaneous vaginal delivery, * In order not to encounter communication barriers and because cultural differences may vary, the pregnant woman is not a foreign national, * Pregnant women who do not have any barriers to communication by phone, * Those who do not have any health problems that prevent breastfeeding Exclusion Criteria: * multiple pregnancy * insulin dependent diabetes * pregnant women who have had a cesarean section * preeclampsia * thyroid disease

Questions worth asking your doctor

Bring these to your next appointment. They're a starting point for a shared conversation — not a sign you qualify or a recommendation to enrol.

1Based on my diagnosis and history, is this trial worth exploring for me — or is there a standard treatment we should try first?
2What does this trial's phase tell us about how much is already known about its safety and benefit?
3What would taking part actually involve for me — visits, tests, time, and travel?
4What are the known and possible risks or side effects I should weigh, and how would they be monitored?
5If this trial isn't the right fit, what other options or trials would you suggest I look into?

Generated to help you prepare — always confirm anything about your own eligibility and care with the study team and your doctor.

Questions for the trial coordinator

The trial coordinator is the person who runs the study day to day. These cover the practical side — logistics, costs, and what taking part would actually mean for your life. The study team confirms whether you meet the criteria; these are questions to ask, not a sign you qualify.

1What does taking part actually involve week to week — how many visits, where, and how long does each one take?
2What costs are covered by the study, and what might I have to pay for myself, including travel, parking, or time off work?
3What happens during screening, and what happens if the study team confirms I don't meet the criteria after those tests?
4Who pays for the scans, blood work, and other tests the trial requires — the study, my insurance, or me?
5How will being in the trial affect my regular care, and will my own doctor stay informed and involved?
6Can I leave the trial at any point if I change my mind, and what would happen to my care if I do?

A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.

What they're measuring

100% Patients's placenta with smoking in Pregnancy and 100% Patients's Placenta with from non-smoking in Pregnancy. Placenta Tissues Staining Measured by immunohistochemistry and biochemistry technique.

Timeframe: Baseline

Trial details

NCT IDNCT06456645

SponsorManisa Celal Bayar University

Sponsor typeOTHER

Study typeOBSERVATIONAL

Primary completion2019-06-17

View on ClinicalTrials.gov More Smoking, Tobacco trials