Effect of Lifestyle Intervention on Mobilization of Fat Storage and Iron Deposition in Obesity

Inclusion Criteria: * age between 18 and 70 years * have a BMI greater than 28.0 kg/m2 * exhibit abdominal obesity, defined as a waist circumference of at least 90 cm for men and 85 cm for women * willing to undergo a 6-month lifestyle intervention Exclusion Criteria: * For newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes: those with fasting blood glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L, random blood glucose ≥ 16.7 mmol/L, or HbA1c ≥ 9.0%, or those exhibiting significant hyperglycemic symptoms, who need to start antidiabetic medication treatment immediately; * a prior history of pancreatic diseases; * combination of drug-induced hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, and viral hepatitis; * with a definitive diagnosis of diabetes who have already started medication treatment; * severe complications from type 2 diabetes or other significant diseases; * usage of drugs affecting body weight, insulin sensitivity, or metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in the past three months (such as insulin, glucocorticoids, thiazolidinediones, metformin, SGLT-2 inhibitors, or GLP-1 receptor agonists); * with malignant tumors; * acute or chronic infection; * with elevated transaminase levels of unknown cause; * hemochromatosis; * with iron deficiency anemia who are receiving iron supplementation; * who have donated blood or received a transfusion within the past six months; * who have experienced cardiovascular events within the past six months; * with acute or chronic blood loss; * alcohol dependence, defined as …