Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Attenuates Visceral Pain in Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhea

Inclusion criteria:1.Aged between 18 and 75 years (either sex); 2.A diagnosis of IBS-D according to the Rome IV criteria;3.Experience of Bristol stool type 6 or 7 on at least 4 days per week, with a mean abdominal pain score of ≥3 (on a 0-10 scale) during the 2-week screening period. Exclusion criteria: 1.Inflammatory or organic gastrointestinal diseases; 2.Diabetes mellitus or hyperthyroidism; 3.History of previous anorectal, intestinal, or abdominal surgery; 4.Current use of medications known to alter gastrointestinal motility or secretion; 5.Pregnancy or lactation; 6.Metallic implants or presence of a cardiac pacemaker; 7.Noncompliance with randomized treatment allocation or demonstrated poor adherence to treatment protocols.