The aim of this study was to determine the short- and long-term effects of smartphone use on the masseter muscle. In the short term, to investigate whether repetitive thumb movements during phone use will cause a spontaneous muscle activation and/or tenderness in the masseter muscle; in the long term, to investigate the relationship between strength change and tenderness of the tenar and masseter muscles depending on the intensity and duration of phone use.
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Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form
Timeframe: 4 months
Edinburg Hand Preference Inventory
Timeframe: 4 months
Pressure Pain Threshold Assessment
Timeframe: 4 months
Muscle Activation Measurement
Timeframe: 4 months
Hand Grip Strength Assessment
Timeframe: 4 months
Finger Lateral Grip Strength Assessment
Timeframe: 4 months