The goal of this observational study is to learn about the composition and function of the gut microbiome in adults with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The main questions the study aims to answer are: 1. How does the gut microbiome and its interactions with the host change over time in adults with chronic heart failure? 2. How do these changes relate to heart failure disease severity and complications?
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Advanced heart failure-associated microbiome signatures
Timeframe: 24 months from baseline visit
Temporal changes in the gut microbiome community composition in chronic heart failure
Timeframe: 12 months from baseline visit