Stopped: Poor recruitment and subsequently untenable study
The purpose of this clinical trial is to analyze the effect of augmented reality (AR) on patient education and overall satisfaction when used during preoperative counseling in adults undergoing spinal surgery. The main aims of this study are: Aim 1: To determine if the use of AR in preoperative consultations is associated with higher levels of patient satisfaction, higher levels of confidence in surgeons, lower levels of preoperative anxiety, and lower patient reported pain scores. Aim 2: To determine if the use of AR in preoperative consultation will enhance patient education and understanding during the surgical consent process and lead to higher patient retention rates and new patient referrals. This study will compare AR enhanced preoperative patient counseling with conventional preoperative counseling practices.
Age range
18 Years – 80 Years
Sex
ALL
See this in plain English?
AI-rewrites the medical criteria so a patient or caregiver can understand them. Always confirm with the trial site.
Bring these to your next appointment. They're a starting point for a shared conversation — not a sign you qualify or a recommendation to enrol.
Generated to help you prepare — always confirm anything about your own eligibility and care with the study team and your doctor.
The trial coordinator is the person who runs the study day to day. These cover the practical side — logistics, costs, and what taking part would actually mean for your life. The study team confirms whether you meet the criteria; these are questions to ask, not a sign you qualify.
A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.
Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Score (APAIS) survey after preoperative counseling
Timeframe: The APAIS is to be completed within 24 hours after preoperative counseling
Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Score (APAIS) survey
Timeframe: The APAIS is to be completed preoperatively on the day of the surgery
Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ)
Timeframe: The SSQ will be completed within 24 hours after preoperative counseling in patients undergoing AR enhanced patient preoperative counseling
Evaluation of the Experience of General Anesthesia (EVAN-G) Survey
Timeframe: The EVAN-G will be completed within 24 hours after surgery
Time of preoperative patient counseling
Timeframe: Assessed during preoperative patient counseling session
Degree of knowledge acquisition questionnaire at baseline
Timeframe: Knowledge acquisition will be completed within 24 hours after preoperative counseling
Degree of knowledge acquisition questionnaire preoperatively
Timeframe: Knowledge acquisition will be completed preoperatively on the the day of surgery
Degree of knowledge acquisition questionnaire 2 weeks post-operative
Timeframe: Knowledge acquisition will be completed approximately 2 weeks post-operatively
Degree of knowledge acquisition questionnaire 3 months post-operative
Timeframe: Knowledge acquisition will be completed approximately 3 months post-operatively
Degree of knowledge acquisition questionnaire 6 months post-operative
Timeframe: Knowledge acquisition will be completed approximately 6 months post-operatively
Participant age
Timeframe: This will be documented within 24 hours after enrollment
Participant gender
Timeframe: This will be completed within 24 hours after enrollment
Participant's indication for surgery
Timeframe: This will be completed within 24 hours after enrollment
Participant education
Timeframe: This will be completed within 24 hours after enrollment
Participant's past surgeries
Timeframe: This will be completed within 24 hours after enrollment
Names of pain medications
Timeframe: This will be completed within 24 hours after enrollment
Doses of pain medications
Timeframe: This will be completed within 24 hours after enrollment
Prior experience with simulated environments
Timeframe: This will be completed prior to preoperative patient counseling within those individuals assigned to the AR enhanced preoperative counseling treatment arm
Patient understanding of surgery at baseline
Timeframe: Patient understanding will be assessed within 24 hours after preoperative counseling
Patient understanding of surgery preoperatively
Timeframe: Patient understanding will be assessed preoperatively on the the day of surgery
Patient understanding of surgery 2 weeks post-operative
Timeframe: Patient understanding will be assessed approximately 2 weeks post-operatively
Patient understanding of surgery 3 months post-operative
Timeframe: Patient understanding will be assessed approximately 3 months post-operatively
Patient understanding of surgery 6 months post-operative
Timeframe: Patient understanding will be assessed approximately 6 months post-operatively
Patient pain level expectation at baseline
Timeframe: Pain level expectation will be assessed within 24 hours after preoperative counseling
Patient pain level expectation preoperatively
Timeframe: Pain level expectation will be assessed preoperatively on the the day of surgery
Patient pain level 2 weeks post-operatively
Timeframe: Pain level will be assessed approximately 2 weeks post-operatively
Patient pain level 3 months post-operatively
Timeframe: Pain level will be assessed approximately 3 months post-operatively
Patient pain level 6 months post-operatively
Timeframe: Pain level will be assessed around 6 months post-operatively
Confidence in surgeon at baseline
Timeframe: Confidence in surgeon will be assessed within 24 hours after preoperative counseling
Confidence in surgeon preoperatively
Timeframe: Confidence in surgeon will be assessed preoperatively on the the day of surgery
Confidence in surgeon 2 weeks post-operatively
Timeframe: Confidence in surgeon will be assessed approximately 2 weeks post-operatively
Confidence in surgeon 3 months post-operatively
Timeframe: Confidence in surgeon will be assessed approximately 3 months post-operatively
Confidence in surgeon 6 months post-operatively
Timeframe: Confidence in surgeon will be assessed approximately 6 months post-operatively
Patient visit satisfaction level at baseline
Timeframe: Patient preoperative visit satisfaction will be assessed within 24 hours after preoperative counseling
Patient visit satisfaction level preoperatively
Timeframe: Patient preoperative visit satisfaction will be assessed preoperatively on the the day of surgery
Patient satisfaction level with the surgical explanation at baseline
Timeframe: Patient preoperative visit satisfaction will be assessed within 24 hours after preoperative counseling
Patient satisfaction level with the surgical explanation preoperatively
Timeframe: Patient satisfaction with the surgical explanation will be assessed preoperatively on the the day of surgery
Patient postoperative visit satisfaction level 2 weeks post-operatively
Timeframe: Patient postoperative visit satisfaction will be assessed approximately 2 weeks post-operatively
Patient postoperative visit satisfaction level 3 months post-operatively
Timeframe: Patient postoperative visit satisfaction will be assessed approximately 3 months post-operatively
Patient postoperative visit satisfaction level 6 months post-operatively
Timeframe: Patient postoperative visit satisfaction will be assessed approximately 6 months post-operatively
Patient surgery satisfaction level 2 weeks post-operatively
Timeframe: Patient surgery satisfaction will be assessed approximately 2 weeks post-operatively
Patient surgery visit satisfaction level 3 months post-operatively
Timeframe: Patient surgery satisfaction will be assessed approximately 3 months post-operatively
Patient surgery satisfaction level 6 months post-operatively
Timeframe: Patient surgery satisfaction will be assessed approximately 6 months post-operatively