Clinical Efficacy and Adverse Reactions of Antipsychotic Treatment

Inclusion Criteria: * aged between 18 and 60 years * diagnosed with schizophrenia under the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-fourth edition criteria * had been consistently treated with a stable dose of olanzapine for a minimum of three months Exclusion Criteria: * Exclusion criteria encompassed any mental disorder other than schizophrenia, ongoing substance abuse, and medical conditions that could interfere with glucoregulatory and endocrine assessment such as diabetes mellitus and other endocrine disorders. Additionally, severe cardiovascular, hepatic, or renal diseases, malignancy, epilepsy, and pregnancy were also reasons for exclusion.