This study will investigate the biological mechanisms linking sleep disruption by vibration and noise, and the development of cardiometabolic disease. In a laboratory sleep study, the investigators will play railway vibration of different levels during the night. The investigators will also measure objective sleep quality and quantity, cognitive performance across multiple domains, self-reported sleep and wellbeing outcomes, and blood samples. Blood samples will be analyzed to identify metabolic changes and indicators of diabetes risk in different nights. Identifying biomarkers that are impacted by sleep fragmentation will establish the currently unclear pathways by which railway vibration exposure at night can lead to the development of diseases in the long term, especially metabolic disorders including diabetes.
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Fasting insulin resistance in the morning immediately after the Control night
Timeframe: One night
Fasting insulin resistance in the morning immediately after the low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Fasting insulin resistance in the morning immediately after the intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Fasting insulin resistance in the morning immediately after the high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Total sleep time during the Control night
Timeframe: One night
Total sleep time during the low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Total sleep time during the intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Total sleep time during the high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Total amount of N1 sleep during the Control night
Timeframe: One night
Total amount of N2 sleep during the Control night
Timeframe: One night
Total amount of N3 sleep during the Control night
Timeframe: One night
Total amount of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during the Control night
Timeframe: One night
Total amount of N1 sleep during the low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Total amount of N2 sleep during the low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Total amount of N3 sleep during the low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Total amount of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during the low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Total amount of N1 sleep during the intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Total amount of N2 sleep during the intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Total amount of N3 sleep during the intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Total amount of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during the intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Total amount of N1 sleep during the high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Total amount of N2 sleep during the high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Total amount of N3 sleep during the high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Total amount of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during the high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO) during the Control night
Timeframe: One night
Wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO) during the low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO) during the intermediate night
Timeframe: One night
Wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO) during the high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Number of awakenings during the Control night
Timeframe: One night
Number of awakenings during exposure to low vibration
Timeframe: One night
Number of awakenings during exposure to intermediate vibration
Timeframe: One night
Number of awakenings during exposure to high vibration
Timeframe: One night
Sleep onset latency (SOL) during the Control Night
Timeframe: One night
Sleep onset latency (SOL) during the low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Sleep onset latency (SOL) during the intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Sleep onset latency (SOL) during the high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Sleep efficiency during the Control night
Timeframe: One night
Sleep efficiency during the low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Sleep efficiency during the intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
S Sleep efficiency during the high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Sleep depth assessed using the odds ratio product (ORP) during the Control night
Timeframe: One night
Sleep depth assessed using the odds ratio product (ORP) during the low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Sleep depth assessed using the odds ratio product (ORP) during the intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Sleep depth assessed using the odds ratio product (ORP) during the high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Maximal change of odds ratio product (ORP) during exposure to railway vibration events
Timeframe: One night
Area under the curve of odds ratio product (ORP) during exposure to railway vibration events, calculated using the trapezoid rule
Timeframe: One night
N-acetylglucosamine/galactosamine (GlycA) concentration after the Control night
Timeframe: One night
N-acetylglucosamine/galactosamine (GlycA) concentration after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
N-acetylglucosamine/galactosamine (GlycA) concentration after exposure to intermediate vibration
Timeframe: One night
N-acetylglucosamine/galactosamine (GlycA) concentration after exposure to high vibration
Timeframe: One night
Sialic acid (GlycB) concentration after the Control night
Timeframe: One night
Sialic acid (GlycB) concentration after exposure to low vibration
Timeframe: One night
Sialic acid (GlycB) concentration after exposure to intermediate vibration
Timeframe: One night
Sialic acid (GlycB) concentration after exposure to high vibration
Timeframe: One night
Supramolecular phospholipid composite (SPC) concentration after the Control night
Timeframe: One night
Supramolecular phospholipid composite (SPC) concentration after exposure to low vibration
Timeframe: One night
Supramolecular phospholipid composite (SPC) concentration after exposure to intermediate vibration
Timeframe: One night
Supramolecular phospholipid composite (SPC) concentration after exposure to high vibration
Timeframe: One night
Ethanol concentration (mmol/L) after the Control night
Timeframe: One night
Ethanol concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Ethanol concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Ethanol concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Trimethylamine-N-oxide concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Trimethylamine-N-oxide concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Trimethylamine-N-oxide concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Trimethylamine-N-oxide concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
2-Aminobutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One
2-Aminobutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One
2-Aminobutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One
2-Aminobutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One
Alanine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Alanine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Alanine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Alanine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Asparagine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Asparagine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Asparagine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Asparagine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Creatine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Creatine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Creatine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Creatine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Creatinine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Creatinine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Creatinine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Creatinine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Glutamic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Glutamic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Glutamic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Glutamic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Glutamine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Glutamine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Glutamine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Glutamine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Glycine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Glycine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Glycine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Glycine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Histidine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Histidine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Histidine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Histidine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Isoleucine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Isoleucine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Isoleucine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Isoleucine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Leucine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Leucine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Leucine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Leucine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Lysine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Lysine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Lysine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Lysine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Methionine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Methionine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Methionine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Methionine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
N,N-Dimethylglycine concentration (mmol/L) after Control night
Timeframe: One night
N,N-Dimethylglycine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
N,N-Dimethylglycine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
N,N-Dimethylglycine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Ornithine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Ornithine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Ornithine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Ornithine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Phenylalanine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Phenylalanine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Phenylalanine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Phenylalanine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Proline concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Proline concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Proline concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Proline concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Sarcosine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Sarcosine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Sarcosine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Sarcosine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Threonine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Threonine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Threonine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Threonine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Tyrosine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure toControl night
Timeframe: One night
Tyrosine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Tyrosine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Tyrosine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Valine concentration (mmol/L) after Control night
Timeframe: One night
Valine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Valine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Valine concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
2-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
2-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
2-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
2-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Acetic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Acetic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Acetic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Acetic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Citric acid concentration (mmol/L) after Control night
Timeframe: One night
Citric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Citric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Citric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Formic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Formic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Formic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Formic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Lactic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Lactic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Lactic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Lactic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Succinic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Succinic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Succinic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Succinic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Choline concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Choline concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Choline concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Choline concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
2-Oxoglutaric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
2-Oxoglutaric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
2-Oxoglutaric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
2-Oxoglutaric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
3-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
3-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
3-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
3-Hydroxybutyric acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Acetoacetic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Acetoacetic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Acetoacetic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Acetoacetic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Acetone concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Acetone concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Acetone concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Acetone concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Pyruvic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Pyruvic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Pyruvic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Pyruvic acid concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
D-Galactose concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
D-Galactose concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
D-Galactose concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
D-Galactose concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Glucose concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Glucose concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Glucose concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Glucose concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Glycerol concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Glycerol concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Glycerol concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Glycerol concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Dimethylsulfone concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to Control night
Timeframe: One night
Dimethylsulfone concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Dimethylsulfone concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Dimethylsulfone concentration (mmol/L) after exposure to high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Response to an oral glucose bolus, calculated as area under curve for glucose, in the morning after the control night
Timeframe: One night
Response to an oral glucose bolus, calculated as area under curve for glucose, in the morning after the low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Response to an oral glucose bolus, calculated as area under curve for glucose, in the morning after the intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Response to an oral glucose bolus, calculated as area under curve for glucose, in the morning after the high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Response to an oral glucose load calculated as area under curve for insulin, in the morning after the low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Response to an oral glucose load calculated as area under curve for insulin, in the morning after the intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Response to an oral glucose load calculated as area under curve for insulin, in the morning after the high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Early response to an oral glucose load calculated as area under curve for insulin, in the morning after the control night
Timeframe: One night
Early response to an oral glucose load calculated as area under curve for insulin, in the morning after the low vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Early response to an oral glucose load calculated as area under curve for insulin, in the morning after the intermediate vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Early response to an oral glucose load calculated as area under curve for insulin, in the morning after the high vibration night
Timeframe: One night
Glucose tolerance in the morning after exposure to low vibration, assessed as glucose concentration 120 minutes after a glucose bolus
Timeframe: One night
Glucose tolerance in the morning after exposure to intermediate vibration, assessed as glucose concentration 120 minutes after a glucose bolus
Timeframe: One night
Glucose tolerance in the morning after exposure to high vibration, assessed as glucose concentration 120 minutes after a glucose bolus
Timeframe: One night
Glucose tolerance in the morning after Control night, assessed as glucose concentration 120 minutes after a glucose bolus
Timeframe: One night
Stumvoll Insulin sensitivity Index in the morning after control
Timeframe: One night
Stumvoll Insulin sensitivity Index in the morning after exposure to low vibration
Timeframe: One night
Stumvoll Insulin sensitivity Index in the morning after exposure to intermediate vibration
Timeframe: One night
Stumvoll Insulin sensitivity Index in the morning after exposure to high vibration
Timeframe: One night
Matsuda insulin sensitivity index in the morning after control exposure
Timeframe: One night
Matsuda insulin sensitivity index in the morning after exposure to low vibration
Timeframe: One night
Matsuda insulin sensitivity index in the morning after exposure to intermediate vibration
Timeframe: One night
Matsuda insulin sensitivity index in the morning after exposure to high vibration
Timeframe: One night