Effectiveness of Trivalent Influenza Vaccine (TIV) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Patients With and Without Complications of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Inclusion Criteria: Group 1 (T2DM) * Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) * Age range: 40-59 years Group 2 (T2DM-CKD): * Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) * Age range: 40-59 years * eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) \>15 * eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) \<89 * Proteinuria Group 3 (Healthy Person) : * Individuals without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) * Age range: 40-59 years Exclusion Criteria: * Incomplete medical records * CKD Stage 5 * Currently pregnant * Currently on long-term steroid use * Received influenza vaccine in the last year * Diagnosed with malignancy * Autoimmune disease * History of allergy to chicken eggs or vaccine constituents * High fever, seizures, or acute infection * History of COVID infection based on PCR testing with the last PCR result negative \<14 days * History of COVID-19 vaccination \<14 days from the last vaccine administration