Evaluation of Sinus Augmentation Bone Healing Using Autograft and Xenograft Compared to Xenograft Alone

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients of Tufts School of Dental Medicine (TUSDM) * Two stage sinus augmentations with \<5mm (Zinner, Small 2004) residual bone height in need of augmentation for implant placement * Full maxillary edentulism or Kennedy class I or III * 18 to 100 year old Exclusion Criteria: * Adults unable to consent (cognitively impaired adults) * Those who self-report as pregnant or breastfeeding * Wards of the state * Non-Viable neonates * Neonates of uncertain viability * \< 18 years of age * Refusal to participate * Prior medical condition causing complications in bone metabolism * Osteoporosis * History of/or current chemotherapy * History of/or current head and neck radiation * Current heavy smoking \> 10 cigarettes/day * Self-reported pregnancy or lactation * Previous history of sinus elevation procedure * Existing sinus pathology or pathology discovered at time of sinus augmentation or implant placement * Absence of autogenous donor site