The purpose of this study is to compare effects of Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMt) to standard of care in adolescent athletes at risk for delayed recovery from subacute sports concussion, to substantiate the impact of subacute PBMt over time on functional and structural connectivity of the brain using advanced MRI sequences and to correlate the psychological and behavioral outcomes to neuroimaging findings
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Change in depression as assessed by the Neuro-QoL Short Form v1.1 - Pediatric Depression scale
Timeframe: Baseline (3-7 days post injury), Visit 2 (10-14 days post injury), Visit 3 (30 days post injury)
Change in anxiety as assessed by the Neuro-QoL Short Form v1.0 - Pediatric Anxiety scale
Timeframe: Baseline (3-7 days post injury), Visit 2 (10-14 days post injury), Visit 3 (30 days post injury)
Change in intensity of post-concussion symptoms as assessed by Total Symptom Score on the Post-Concussion Symptoms Scale (PCSS) of the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) Concussion Test
Timeframe: Baseline (3-7 days post injury), Visit 2 (10-14 days post injury), Visit 3 (30 days post injury)
Change in quality of sleep as assessed by the Adolescent Sleep-Wake Scale-S (ASWS-Short Version)
Timeframe: Baseline (3-7 days post injury), Visit 2 (10-14 days post injury), Visit 3 (30 days post injury)
Change in brain volume as assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain
Timeframe: Baseline (3-7 days post injury), Visit 3 (30 days post injury)
Change in Diffusion Tensor Image Analysis Along the Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS) as assessed by MRI of the brain
Timeframe: Baseline (3-7 days post injury), Visit 3 (30 days post injury)
Change in Fractional Anisotropy (FA) of compact white matter as assessed by MRI of the brain
Timeframe: Baseline (3-7 days post injury), Visit 3 (30 days post injury)
Change in Radial Diffusivity (RD) of compact white matter as assessed by MRI of the brain
Timeframe: Baseline (3-7 days post injury), Visit 3 (30 days post injury)