The Motor Imagery Based on Action Observation Treatment on Dysphagia in Wallenberg Syndrome

Inclusion Criteria: * age ranged from 18-80 years and right-handed; * first onset, vital signs stable and conscious; * the dysphagia confirmed by videofluoroscopic swallowing study; * no cognitive impairment, the mini-mental state examination score: \>17 for those with an illiterate education, \>20 for those with an elementary education, and \>24 for those with a secondary education and above; * good motor imagery ability with kinesthetic and visual imagery questionnaire-10 score ≥25; * cranial integrity without craniotomy and/or craniectomy; * patient and/or his/her relative agrees and signs written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * combined ischemic foci at other sites; * presence of organic swallowing dysfunction or pre-existing dysphagia due to Parkinson's disease, dementia, and others; * severe cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, and renal insufficiency and vital organ failure; * significant psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression; * infected or broken skin on the head; * poorly controlled epilepsy; * poor patient compliance.