Virus and Bronchial Epithelium in Children and the Elderly

Inclusion Criteria: For pediatric patients requiring research-specific bronchial brushing: * Child under 18 years old, * Requiring bronchoscopy as part of routine care * Having informed and signed consent from the holders of parental authority For pediatric patients whose bronchial brushing will be carried out as part of their care and for those whose surgical waste will be collected for research: * Child under 18 years old, * Requiring as part of routine care bronchoscopy and brushing or bronchial fibroscopy under general anesthesia or surgical resection/lobectomy * Having expressed their non-opposition to their child's participation in research For adult patients: * Man or woman * Aged 18 or over * Requiring as part of the care, thoracic surgery such as lobectomy, pneumonectomy or lung transplantation in the Thoracic Surgery Department of Haut Lévêque du Chu Hospital in Bordeaux or inclusion in the TUBE study, described below. * having received an information note and not having objected to their participation in the research Exclusion Criteria: * No affiliation or non-beneficiary of a social security system * During a period of relative exclusion compared to another protocol * Patient born before 36 weeks of amenorrhea * Patient with a documented history of pulmonary fibrosis, primary pulmonary hypertension, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary malformation or chronic viral infections (hepatitis, HIV). * Patient with any dental, nasopharyngeal or bronchial infection with fev…