The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) on the dental and periodontal health of patients undergoing fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment, including orthodontically induced root resorption, orthodontic pain, space closing rate, and dental microbiome profile in dental plaques.
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Orthodontic-induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR)
Timeframe: baseline, 3 months after intrusive force loading