Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) in Patients Undergoing Emergency Laparotomy

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients between the ages 18-70, * Patients who completed the preoperative examination and preoperative diagnosis within 4 hours after admission for acute abdomen diseases, * Required emergency surgery within 6 hours from surgeon encounter. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients who refused to be enrolled in this study; * Patients with any psychiatric or neurological disorders; * Pseptic shock at admission; * Duration of symptoms more than five days; * Patients with contraindications to the placement of lumbar epidural catheters, such as coagulation disorders, severe sepsis, etc.; * Presence of preoperative factors affecting wound healing (e.g. long-term steroid use); * Patients with extra-abdominal injuries or terminal malignancy, or patients requiring damage control surgery; * Patients found intraoperatively to require any procedure other than splenectomy, partial hepatectomy or liver repair, bowel resection and anastomosis, laparoscopic cholecystectomy and appendectomy, and gastrointestinal perforation repair.