The Costs and Effectiveness of Cognitive Functional Therapy for People with Persistent Low Back Pain in Coventry.

Inclusion Criteria: * Documented LBP for more than three months. * Over 18 years old. * Currently not working - either unemployed or in receipt of long-term sickness benefits at time of enrolment on the study. * Living in 20% most deprived area of Coventry as defined by Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD). * Documented physical and/or mental health co-morbidities (e.g., anxiety, depression, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease). * Prescribed medications not currently recommended for LBP by NICE Guidelines - opioids, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, antidepressants and/or gabapentinoids (NICE, 2020). * Ability to provide informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Lack capacity, or unable, to provide informed consent. * Have signs and/or symptoms of serious spinal pathology (less than 2% of all people with LBP (Hartvisgen et al., 2018)) e.g., fracture, infection, acute loss of lower limb motor control, symptoms of cauda equina syndrome or cancer, acute inflammatory disease (e.g. ankylosing spondylitis). * Have any medical condition that prevents from being physically active. * Are currently pregnant or are three months post-partum. * Are unable or unwilling to travel to CoCHC for the intervention.