Obturation Quality in Primary Molars

Inclusion Criteria: * Medically free children. * Age: 4-8 years * Primary molars with necrotic pulp, abscess or fistula. * Teeth which if lost possibility of space maintainer construction exists. * Pre-operative radiograph showing absence of root resorption more than one third of the root. Exclusion Criteria: * Vital primary teeth. * Teeth with inadequate tooth structure to support the rubber dam. * Expected shedding time within one year. * Peri-radicular involvement extending to the permanent tooth bud. * Excessive internal\& external root resorption, * Perforation of pulpal floor. * Extensive tooth mobility