A Novel Probiotic-antibiotic Combination to Prevent Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections

Inclusion Criteria: * A history of 3 or more UTI episodes in the past 12 months, or 2 or more episodes in the past 6 months * no evidence of vesicoureteral reflux or only low-grade (grade 1-2) vesicoureteral reflux * no other genitourinary anatomical abnormality * not receiving prophylactic antibiotics at the time of enrollment * Ages 2-17 years. Exclusion Criteria: * high grade (grade 3-5) vesicoureteral reflux * neurogenic bladder * anatomical abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract * any history of urologic or gastrointestinal surgery * on prophylactic antibiotics * a urine culture positive for pathogens that are not susceptible to ciprofloxacin in the last 3 months * history of an allergic reaction to ciprofloxacin or other quinolones, or a history of severe adverse reactions * As stated on the package insert for Ciprofloxacin, individuals with a known history of myasthenia gravis should avoid taking Ciprofloxacin and therefore will be excluded from this study. * Based on the black box warning for Ciprofloxacin, individuals taking tizanidine as concomitant administration, or those taking other drugs known to interact with ciprofloxacin will be excluded from the study. * individuals with known QT prolongation, hypokalemia, or on other drugs that prolong the QT interval should also avoid taking Ciprofloxacin and will be excluded from this study. * Individuals under 2 years old. In the BFIT clinic, because they do bladder, bowel movement, and constipation management, …