Heme and Non-heme Iron Intakes, Gut Microbiota, and Influence on Host Iron Absorption

Inclusion Criteria: * Healthy adults * Age between 18- 40y * Non-smoking * Not currently taking vitamin, mineral, prebiotic, and probiotic supplements. * Females: premenopausal and not pregnant or lactating * No preexisting medical complications (such as eating disorders, hemoglobinopathies, malabsorption diseases, steroid use, substance abuse history, or taking medications known to influence iron homeostasis) * Body mass index (BMI) between 18 - 27 kg/m2. Exclusion Criteria: * BMI \<18 or \> 27 kg/m2, * Age \<18 y or \> 40y, * Smoking * Pregnancy, lactating * Have gastrointestinal disorders/malabsorption diseases/hemoglobinopathies/dietary restrictions/steroid use/ medication use of medications known to impact iron status, iron utilization or inflammatory status * Currently take vitamin, mineral, prebiotic, and probiotic supplements. * Recently received antibiotic treatment