Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Post-concussion Headaches

Inclusion Criteria: * 18 - 55 years old * mTBI with loss of consciousness for less than 30 min, initial Glasgow Coma Scale between 13 and 15, or post-traumatic amnesia for ≤ 24 hours * diagnosis of persistent post-traumatic headache according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3) criteria * headache develops within 7 days after head trauma * headache persists for \>=3 months after head trauma despite receiving standard care * average persistent headache intensity is \>= 3/10 of the numerical rating scale (NRS) on \>=3days/week * no evidence of radiculopathy or peripheral neuropathy on electromyography or clinical evaluation * no evidence of other possible causes of headaches Exclusion Criteria: * history of chronic headache diagnoses such as migraine, tension, or cluster headaches prior to the incidence of mTBI * history of other neurologic conditions with medications affecting the central nervous system * contraindications of receiving TMS (e.g., a history of epileptic seizure and having implants like a cardiac pacemaker or intracerebral vascular clip