The goal of this observational registry study is to compare characteristics of gut and sputum microbiome and metabolome among COPD patients with significant smoking history, COPD patients without significant smoking history and healthy smoker. Additionally, the investigators investigate the difference of blood metabolites and peripheral blood mononuclear cells level among groups. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Are there significant difference in fecal or sputum microbiome and metabolome between COPD patients and healthy smoker? * Are there any distinct characteristics in microbiome and metabolome in COPD with COPD patients with significant smoking history, COPD patients without significant smoking history compared with healthy smoker? * Are there any difference in blood metabolites and peripheral blood mononuclear cells levels among patients with significant smoking history, COPD patients without significant smoking history and healthy smoker * Might distinct characteristics of microbiome and metabolites in COPD patients be related to worse clinical outcomes in COPD patients?
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AI-rewrites the medical criteria so a patient or caregiver can understand them. Always confirm with the trial site.
Bring these to your next appointment. They're a starting point for a shared conversation — not a sign you qualify or a recommendation to enrol.
Generated to help you prepare — always confirm anything about your own eligibility and care with the study team and your doctor.
The trial coordinator is the person who runs the study day to day. These cover the practical side — logistics, costs, and what taking part would actually mean for your life. The study team confirms whether you meet the criteria; these are questions to ask, not a sign you qualify.
A starting point for the conversation — always confirm anything about your own eligibility, costs, and care with the study team and your doctor.
Shannon diversity index
Timeframe: At enrollment
Simpson index
Timeframe: At enrollment
Principal component analysis
Timeframe: At enrollment
Microbiome composition by metagenomic analysis
Timeframe: At enrollment
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells level
Timeframe: At enrollment
Acetic acid level
Timeframe: At enrollment
Propionic acid level
Timeframe: At enrollment
Isobutyric acid level
Timeframe: At enrollment
Butyric acid level
Timeframe: At enrollment
Isovaleric acid level
Timeframe: At enrollment
Valeric acid level
Timeframe: At enrollment
dimethylglycine level
Timeframe: At enrollment
secondary bile acid level
Timeframe: At enrollment