Post-operative Sensitivity in Composite Restorations

Inclusion Criteria: * Minimum 18 years of age with good general health * Vital and Periodontally stable teeth * Class-II primary carious lesions with a cavity depth of 3 to 5 mm * Established contact with adjacent and opposing natural or prosthetic teeth * Prior defective restorations in need of replacement (secondary caries, marginal fractures, and marginal staining) Exclusion Criteria: * Teeth with a history of spontaneous pain * Compromised oral health status * Patients with parafunctional habits or temporomandibular disorders * Previously endodontically treated teeth or evidence of associated periapical/periodontal pathosis * Participants with a drug history of using anti-inflammatory, analgesics, or psychotropic medications within the last 2 weeks