The goal of this observational study is to understand the burden and determinants of tobacco use and air pollution (AP) exposure among mid- to late adolescents in Greece, the Kyrgyz Republic, Pakistan, Romania, and Uganda. This context-specific knowledge will be crucial for selecting, adapting, and implementing preventive interventions in the next phase of the project. The main questions the investigators aim to answer are: * What is the perceived burden of tobacco use and AP exposure among adolescents? * What are the contextual drivers and behavioral determinants contributing to (prevention of) these risk factors? * How do the dynamics between stakeholders influence prevention efforts? In this study, data will be collected through interviews, focus group discussions, photovoice, document analysis, observations, personal exposure monitoring, and questionnaires.
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Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of perceived clinical symptoms due to tobacco use and/or AP exposure
Timeframe: 1 day
Quantitative and qualitative evaluation and exploration of perceived psychological impact due to tobacco use and/or AP exposure
Timeframe: 1 day
Quantitative and qualitative evaluation and exploration of social factors relating to tobacco use and/or AP exposure
Timeframe: 1 day
Quantitative evaluation of the burden due to tobacco use and/or AP exposure by monitoring personal exposure to air borne particulates (PM 10, PM 2.5 and PM 1), temperature and relative humidity, using personal exposure (PE) monitors
Timeframe: 1 day
Qualitative evaluation and exploration of contextual drivers relevant to intervention implementation for prevention of tobacco and/or AP exposure, e.g. current strategies, local infrastructure and accessibility of resources.
Timeframe: 1 day
Qualitative evaluation and exploration of contextual drivers relevant to intervention implementation for prevention of tobacco and/or AP exposure, e.g. the influence of social media.
Timeframe: 1 day
Rianne MJJ van der Kleij, PhD
Qualitative evaluation and exploration of contextual drivers relevant to intervention implementation for prevention of tobacco and/or AP exposure, e.g. the local socio-political climate, policy regulations and industry tactics.
Timeframe: 1 day
Qualitative evaluation and exploration of the relationship, power dynamics and (medical) hierarchies between adolescents, providers and other stakeholders.
Timeframe: 1 day
Quantitative and qualitative evaluation and exploration of determinants of behavior change in adolescents and providers relating to intervention implementation for prevention of tobacco and/or AP exposure.
Timeframe: 1 day