Revitalization of Traumatized Immature Permanent Teeth

Inclusion Criteria: * Provision of Informed Consent * Female and male patients * Age range: 6-18 years * "Healthy": ASA I and II * Permanent immature tooth (Cvek stage of root maturation ≤ 2) requiring revitalization * Etiological factor: (a)symptomatic apical periodontitis post dental trauma or irreversible pulpitis post dental trauma Exclusion Criteria: * Unlikely to be able to comply with the study procedures, as judged by the investigator * Patients older than 18 years and younger than 6 * Deciduous teeth * Cvek root maturation stage \> 2: permanent immature tooth that can be treated by conventional root canal treatment or apexification * Known or suspected current malignancy * History of chemotherapy within 5 years prior to study * History of radiation in the head and neck region * History of other metabolic bone diseases * Bleeding disorders * Involvement in the planning and conduct of the study