The goal of this study is to quantify the effects of 20 sessions of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) on measures of acute stress responses in Soldiers. The main question it aims to answer is how 20 sessions of CES will affect Soldiers' biochemical (salivary alpha amylase and cortisol), physiological (e.g., heart rate, heart rate variability, respiration rate), emotional (state anxiety), and behavioral (i.e., cognitive task performance) responses. * On Day 1, participants will complete a baseline measure assessing their biochemical, physiological, emotional, and behavioral responses to a stressful lethal force decision making task. * In the next four to six weeks, participants will complete 20 CES sessions. * Within five days of completing the 20 CES sessions, participants will complete a follow-up measure assessing their biochemical, physiological, emotional, and behavioral responses to the same stressful lethal force decision making task they completed on Day 1. Researchers will compare the Active CES group to the Sham CES group to see how 20 sessions of Active CES will affect the participants responses to their biochemical, physiological, emotional and behavioral responses relative to the Sham CES group.
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Change From Baseline in Heart Rate During Stressful Lethal Force Decision Making Task
Timeframe: Baseline and follow-up session after 20 CES to be completed within 4-6weeks
Change From Baseline in Respiration Rate During Stressful Lethal Force Decision Making Task
Timeframe: Baseline and follow-up session after 20 CES to be completed within 4-6weeks
Change From Baseline in Heart Rate Variability During Stressful Lethal Force Decision Making Task
Timeframe: Baseline and follow-up session after 20 CES to be completed within 4-6weeks
Change Over Time in Cortisol During Stressful Lethal Force Decision Making Task
Timeframe: Baseline and follow-up session after 20 CES completed within 4-6weeks
Change Over Time in Alpha Amylase During Stressful Lethal Force Decision Making Task
Timeframe: Baseline and follow-up session after 20 CES completed within 4-6weeks
Change Over Time in State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Scores at Each Session From Baseline to Follow-up
Timeframe: At baseline, at each of the 20 CES sessions completed within 4-6weeks, and at follow-up to be completed within 5 days of last CES
Change From Baseline in Recognition Memory
Timeframe: Baseline and follow-up session after 20 CES completed within 4-6weeks
Change From Baseline in Spatial Orientation
Timeframe: Baseline and follow-up session after 20 CES completed within 4-6weeks
Change From Baseline in Decision Making Accuracy
Timeframe: Baseline and follow-up session after 20 CES completed within 4-6weeks
Change From Baseline in Decision Making Reaction Time
Timeframe: Baseline and follow-up session after 20 CES completed within 4-6weeks