The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of Butorphanol on postoperative pain mitigation in patients undergoing microwave ablation for hepatic tumor. Employing a rigorously designed multicentral, randomized, and placebo-controlled format, patients subjected to microwave ablation were assigned randomly to either Butorphanol (experimental group) or normal saline (control group). Primary outcomes encompassed intraoperative pain levels assessed through patient-driven evaluation utilizing a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain levels at the 6-hour mark (VAS) and comprehensive pain assessment outcomes.
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Visceral Pain
Timeframe: during the surgery