National Multicenter Interventional Study Aimed at Evaluating the Effect on the Intestinal Microbiota in Chronically Frail Patients Who Share Alterations in Intestinal Function.

Population 1 : ALS Inclusion Criteria: * Age at enrollment ≥18 years; * ALS diagnosis defined or probable according to El Escorial criteria (Brooks et al., 2000); * Respiratory function with FVC% \>50%. Exclusion Criteria: * Subjects unable to give informed consent to the study; * presence of psychiatric disease or severe cognitive impairment; * presence of tracheotomy; presence of severe pre-existing gastrointestinal disease (e.g., ulcerative rectocolitis; Crohn's disease). Population 2: ADHD Inclusion Criteria: * children between 6 and 16 years old * children with ADHD, diagnosed with DSM-5 criteria and in accordance with the protocol shared by the Regional ADHD Reference Centers Lombardy. Exclusion Criteria: * presence of intellectual disability (QIT\<70), * presence of neurological diseases, epilepsy * presence of genetic syndromes * treatment with drug therapies. Co-diagnosis with other psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorders (i.e. Autism, Anxiety, Depression etc) will not be considered a criterion of exclusion. Population 3: Bronchial Ashtma Inclusion Criteria: * adults above 18 years of age * diagnosed with Bronchial Ashtma following ERS-ETS criteria Exclusion Criteria: * life expectancy less than 18 months * active respiratory infections * cognitive disorders that prevent participation to the study (MMS \<24)