Efficacy of Intra-articular Hyaluronate Injection for Adhesive Capsulitis

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients diagnosed with frozen shoulder by a clinical physician based on the patient's medical history, physical examination, X-ray, and ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging reports. * Clinical course: Patients must have a pain score of less than 3, no nighttime shoulder pain, and be in the post-freezing stage, primarily presenting restricted shoulder joint range of motion. * The affected shoulder joint must have at least two angles of shoulder joint movement reduced by at least 30% compared to the healthy side: shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation, or a single affected side abduction angle reduced by 50% relative to the healthy side. * Age between 40 to 70 years old. Exclusion Criteria: * full-thickness tear or massive tear of the rotator cuff tendons or calcific tendinitis. * Presence of systemic rheumatic disease. * History of shoulder fracture or previous shoulder surgery. * Received shoulder injections for treatment within the last 3 months. * Acute cervical nerve root compression. * Current pregnancy or lactation. * Patients with shoulder instability or cancer. * Patients with cognitive impairment, unable to follow simple instructions, or unable to comply with the study procedures.