The Effect of Graded Motor Imagery on Pain and Function in Individuals With Knee Osteoarthritis

Inclusion Criteria: * Minimum score of 24 on the Mini Mental State Examination (indicating no mild or severe dementia) * Diagnosis of moderate unilateral knee osteoarthritis persisting for more than 12 months according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria * Experience of pain with a severity rating of 3 or higher on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for activities such as stair climbing, sitting, and squatting, lasting for at least 6 months (moderate to severe pain) * Age between 45 and 64 years * Residing in the city where the study is conducted * Ability to walk independently * Presence of limitations in knee range of motion (ROM) * Symptomatic and radiographically confirmed OA diagnosis of Kellgren and Lawrence grade I-III Exclusion Criteria: * Patients who are unwilling to participate in the study * Patients presenting with secondary OA due to conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout, septic arthritis, tuberculosis, tumor, trauma, hemophilia, major medical or psychiatric disorders, recent fractures, presence of effusion or open reduction and internal fixation in the knee * Presence of a neuromuscular disease * History of intra-articular injections in the past 6 months * Patients undergoing medication changes * Presence of any chronic illness that would hinder participation in the treatment program * Participation in a physiotherapy program for OA in the last 12 weeks * Movement limitations or limb deficiency in the contralateral lower extremity * Presenc…