Physical Training for Elderly Cancer Patients With Cachexia

Inclusion criteria

• ✓. Subjects aged equivalent to or over 65 years with an existing cancer requiring antineoplastic treatments at trial enrollment, as defined by presence of a catastrophic disease certificate for malignancy in National Health Insurance (NHI)-Taiwan.
• ✓. Subjects receive at least one systemic antineoplastic treatment within 12 weeks since trial enrollment, which includes chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormonal, targeted and cellular therapy of whichever initial therapeutic intent (curative, palliative or salvage).
• ✓. Subjects fulfill either cancer cachexia or pre-cachexia. (3.1) Cancer cachexia: A maximal weight loss of at least 5% from the baseline within 6 months in those whose BMI equivalent to or over 20 kg/m2 or at least 2% in those whose BMI less than 20 kg/m2; (3.2) Pre-cachexia: A maximal weight loss of 1% to 5% from the baseline within 6 months in patients whose BMI equivalent to or over 20 kg/m2 or 1% to 2% in those whose BMI less than 20 kg/m2 plus any of the following: an elevated serum C-reactive protein above upper normal limits (ULN), impaired fasting glucose or known diabetes mellitus, use of high-dose corticosteroid (over 10 mg prednisone equivalent daily), hypogonadism (disease-related or iatrogenic) or insufficient calorie intake of less than 20 kcal/kg/day
• ✓. Subjects are in a clinical status with an expected life span exceeding 6 months and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0 to 1 or Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) 80 to 100 at trial enrollment.
• ✓. Subjects are physically and mentally capable and willing for conducting the planned physical training and agreed to comply the educational instructions and a wearable device during trial intervention.