In the present project, the investigators aim at proposing innovative ways of investigating spinal motoneuron hyperexcitability to counteract the associated impairments by using wide pulse high frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation (WPHF NMES) in various populations. The investigators will use WPHF NMES contractions as a model to gain insights into the mechanisms underlying muscle cramps, restless legs syndrome or stroke-induced spasticity as there is evidence that they share common underlying mechanisms. The investigators will then use WPHF NMES as a training modality to improve plantar flexor neuromuscular function in stroke patients by taking advantage of their motoneuronal hyperexcitability.
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Change in maximal voluntary contraction force
Timeframe: through study completion, an average of 8 weeks
Change in NMES-evoked force
Timeframe: through study completion, an average of 8 weeks
NMES-evoked force
Timeframe: through study completion, an average of 2 weeks
Change in estimates of persistent inward current (Delta F assessed with high-density surface electromyography and/ or the torque measured during vibration after the last bout of NMES)
Timeframe: through study completion, an average of 8 weeks
Estimates of persistent inward current (Delta F assessed with high-density surface electromyography and/ or the torque measured during vibration after the last bout of NMES)
Timeframe: through study completion, an average of 8 weeks