Exploring the Nature, Assessment and Treatment of Stuttering

Inclusion Criteria: A participant will be considered a child who stutters (ages 2-17 years) if * their parent/caregiver reports concern that their child is a person who stutters, * they exhibit three of more stuttering-like disfluencies (e.g., sound/syllable repetitions, (in)audible sound prolongations, whole-word repetitions) per 300-word speech sample, or * they present with an overall score of 11 or higher on the Stuttering Severity Instrument - 4th Edition (SSI-4). A participant will be considered an adult who stutters (18+ years) if * they report they are a person who stutters, * they have received a formal diagnosis of stuttering from a certified speech-language pathologist, * they exhibit three of more stuttering-like disfluencies (e.g., sound/syllable repetitions, (in)audible sound prolongations, whole-word repetitions) per 300-word speech sample, or * they present with an overall score of 11 or higher on the Stuttering Severity Instrument - 4th Edition (SSI-4). Exclusion Criteria: • There are no exclusion criteria for persons who stutter.