In dialysis centers, many patients are undergoing hemodialysis simultaneously, which facilitates the spread of microorganisms by direct or indirect contact through the devices, equipment, surface contact, and hands of health profession Over time, catheters are prone to higher rates of infection, thrombosis, and central venous stenosis, it has also been shown that catheters are an independent (of infection) inflammatory stressor and lead to increased morbidity . Catheters are aptly referred to as a bacterial highway, and a biofilm formation around the catheter is often the breeding ground of bacteria and fungi, which can easily spread to the bloodstream Infectious complications are the most serious with regards to patient morbidity and mortality. The incidence could be from 3.8 to5.5 episodes per 1000 days Migration of micro-organism along the external surface of the catheter is probably the most common route of infection through skin and represents 58% .HD catheter has biofilm formation on their surfaces and this serves as a good reservoir for micro-organisms Most patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) starting hemodialysis through hemodialysis catheter about 9 % in Egypt and most of them require several hemodialysis catheters before maturation of arterio -venous fistula and even after stopping it.
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Catheter related infection
Timeframe: 45 days