Beside well described peripheral effects, insulin can also affect the human central nervous system. Centrally acting insulin seems to have an influence e.g. on whole-body metabolism and food intake. Targeting insulin receptors in the central nervous system can modulate peripheral insulin sensitivity as well as pancreatic insulin secretion. In humans, the effect of insulin can be measured in different brain areas as estimate of central nervous insulin sensitivity. Reduced central nervous insulin sensitivity, called "central insulin resistance," has been associated, for example, with obesity, unfavorable body fat distribution, and impaired cognitive functionality. Recently novel subtypes and risk clusters of diabetes and prediabetes have been identified. In this study the investigators want to investigate and compare central nervous insulin sensitivity as well as cognitive function in the different diabetes and prediabetes risk clusters.
Age range
18 Years
Sex
ALL
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Comparison of brain insulin sensitivity in different age, weight, sex and metabolic risk groups
Timeframe: 30 minutes after Administration of nasal insulin
Comparison of cognitive function between subtype clusters of different metabolic groups (increased risk for developing manifest type 2 diabetes cluster, manifest type 2 diabetes cluster)
Timeframe: 45 minutes
Comparison of the blood-brain-barrier permeability in different age, weight, sex and metabolic risk groups
Timeframe: 30 minutes after Administration of nasal insulin
Stephanie Kullmann, Prof.