The goal of this study is to learn about whether ethnic minority adolescents' racial discrimination experience is related to dysregulated biological responses to subtle racism, and how the relationship may be attenuated or exacerbated by a set of social and cognitive factors. The main questions it aims to answer are: * to reveal the relationship between racial discrimination experiences and ethnic minority adolescents' stress response to subtle racism * to test parental ethnic-racial socialization, children's attribution to subtle racism and their racial identity as potential risk and protective factors.
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change in blood pressure for peer rejection
Timeframe: participants' blood pressure will be continuously monitored 5 minute before, during, and 45 minutes after the peer rejection task.
change in stress hormones for peer rejection
Timeframe: participants' salivary samples will be collected at five time points (right before, 5 minutes after, 15 minutes after, 30 minutes after, and 45 minutes after the peer rejection task)
change in inflammatory biomarker of Interleukin 6 for peer rejection
Timeframe: participants' salivary samples will be collected at five time points (right before, 5 minutes after, 15 minutes after, 30 minutes after, and 45 minutes after the peer rejection task)
change in inflammatory biomarker of C-reactive protein for peer rejection
Timeframe: participants' salivary samples will be collected at five time points (right before, 5 minutes after, 15 minutes after, 30 minutes after, and 45 minutes after the peer rejection task)
attribution about the peer rejection for peer rejection
Timeframe: right after the peer rejection task
emotional experience for peer rejection
Timeframe: right after the peer rejection task
change in skin conductance activity for peer rejection
Timeframe: participants' skin conductance will be continuously monitored 5 minutes before, during, and 45 minutes after the peer rejection task
change in respiratory sinus arrhythmia for peer rejection
Timeframe: participants' electrocardiogram data will be continuously monitored 5 minutes before, during, and 45 minutes after the peer rejection task