Background Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and its relevant complications are more common in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The potential association regarding chronic kidney disease dysbiosis, inflammation and metabolic endotoxinemia in HD patients is unknown. A cross-sectional study will be carried out the evaluate the possible association endotoxin core antibody with asymptomatic PAD in a cohort of HD patients. Methods This cohort study enrolled 500 HD patients treated at a single center in Taichung city. Fasting blood samples will be collected to determine biochemical data Endotoxin core antibody levels and other related biomarkers. By the automatic oscillometric method, the ankle-brachial index (ABI) was measured. Low ABI was defined as any value \< 0.9.
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Analysis of biomarkers of endotoxin core antibody (EndoCab) levels
Timeframe: 1 years