A Study to Learn More About the Health of Persons With Down Syndrome After Treatment for Acute Leukemia

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients age \>= 6 and \< 40 years at the time of enrollment * A diagnosis of Down syndrome is required, and may include any of the three recognized types: trisomy 21 resulting from chromosomal nondisjunction (most common), translocation (the patient has 46 chromosomes, but all or part of an additional copy of chromosome 21 is attached to another chromosome), or mosaicism (trisomy 21 that is present in only a fraction of cells) * All patients must be DS-AL survivors (acute lymphoblastic leukemia \[ALL\] or acute myeloid leukemia \[AML\]) * Note 1: Myeloid leukemia of Down syndrome (ML-DS) is included in the AML category above. Per the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of ML-DS, this diagnosis encompasses both myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and overt AML. Also, note that survivors of relapsed disease are eligible, so long as the patient otherwise meets eligibility criteria, i.e., treatment for relapse was completed at least 36 calendar months prior to enrollment and did not include stem cell transplant * Note 2: A diagnosis of transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM), also known as transient myeloproliferative disease (TMD), is not alone sufficient for inclusion in this study * Patients must have been treated for ALL or AML * Note: History of COG therapeutic trial participation is not required. As a reminder ML-DS would be included under the AML category here above * All cancer treatment (oral or intravenous) must have been completed at lea…