Speech Signals in Stuttering

Inclusion Criteria: * Speaks English as primary language * Language abilities within the typical range * Cognitive abilities within the typical range * No contraindications for MRI Inclusion criteria for children who stutter: * Presence of developmental stuttering (onset in childhood) * No history of other communication disorder Inclusion criteria for children who do not stutter: * No family history of stuttering * No history of other communication disorders (e.g., hearing impairment, language impairment, cognitive impairment/injury) Exclusion Criteria: * Taking medication that alters neural function * Cognitive skills below the typical range * Major medical illness * Not a fluent speaker of English * Pregnant or possibly pregnant * Metal implants in your body (including pacemakers, neurostimulators, or other metal objects) * Shrapnel injuries * Ocular foreign bodies (e.g., metal shavings) * Metal piercings that cannot be removed for the scan * Tattoos containing iron or metal pigments * Prone to claustrophobia * For fMRI, those with head circumference greater than 60cm or whose weight is more than 300 pounds will be excluded due to the size of the fMRI magnet bore