Treatment With Metformin in Chinese Children With Alport Syndrome

Inclusion Criteria: * (1) The diagnostic of Alport syndrome-hematuria with or without proteinuria meets one or more of the following 4 items: i) Immunofluorescence staining of the α5 (IV) chain of the glomerular basement membrane was abnormal; ii) electron microscopy of renal biopsy showed diffuse changes in the glomerular basement membrane; iii) There was one pathogenic variant in the COL4A5 gene or two pathogenic variants in the COL4A3/COL4A4 gene; iv) Family history of Alport syndrome. (2) Age is older than or equal to 10 years old. (3) The 24-hour urine protein quantification was greater than 150mg and the urine microalbumin-creatinine ratio was greater than 30 mg/g. (4) The estimated glomerular filtration rate (24-hour creatinine clearance) was greater than 45 mL/min/1.73m2. (5) Accept the maximum tolerated dose of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers (Blood pressure in the clinic was in the 50th percentile of the same age, same sex and same height but greater than 90/60mmHg, blood potassium was normal, and the increase of blood creatinine did not exceed 30%) for at least 3 months. Exclusion Criteria: * (1) Vitamin B12 deficiency was uncorrected. (2) Treated with Furosemide, amiloride, and nifedipine. (3) Hypertension, chronic liver disease, chronic heart disease, and chronic kidney disease resulting from causes except Alport syndrome. (4) History of hyperlactatemia. (5) Allergy to metformin. (6) kidney transplant. (7) Poor compliance. (8) Type 1 …