Effect of Interceptive Strategies on the Clinical Outcome of Maxillary Impacted Canines

Inclusion Criteria: * All patients presenting at the intake consultation of the Department of Orthodontics of University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium from September 2016, with at least one maxillary permanent canine impaction are invited to participate. Canine impaction is diagnosed based on a panoramic radiograph, taken for standard evaluation of dental development and associated pathology. A maxillary canine is considered to be impacted when the canine to midline angle was ≥15° (Alqerban et al. 2014; Warford et al. 2003). Only impacted maxillary canines with incomplete root formation and with persisting deciduous canines are included. Exclusion Criteria: * presence of uni- or bilateral posterior dental crossbite, * upper permanent canines showing root malformation, ankylosis or fully erupted, * evidence of root resorption of adjacent teeth, previous orthodontic treatment, * craniofacial syndromes, * systemic disease that would impede orthodontic treatment/surgery and recent exposure to radiotherapy. * large eruption follicles seen on the permanent canines